1. Background

On 2 September 2007, Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development (MRRD) requested the Royal Norwegian Embassy in Kabul for the support of a Hydrogeological Study (HGS) in Faryab Province and an Institutional Cooperation and Capacity Building (ICCB) project for MRRD staff at central level and for provincial level (PRRD) personnel in Faryab Province.

These Terms of Reference (TOR) represent the result of a dialogue between Norway and MRRD for the implementation of a project, “Capacity Building and Institutional Cooperation in the Field of Hydrogeology in Faryab Province”, forming a basis for an improved and sustainable rural water supply development in the province.

The main interventions will be implemented in the form of an institutional cooperation between MRRD’s RuWatSip Department (the Client) and a Norwegian Partner firm (the Consultant). The Consultant will associate with the Danish Committee for Aid to Afghan Refugees (DACAAR), who has been pre-selected by MRRD and Norad as the preferred partner for the Consultant. DACAAR has substantial experience from working within Faryab Province and from the groundwater sector in Afghanistan as a whole.

The Project is financed by Norad, with in-kind contribution from MRRD. A project framework is provided in Annex 1.

1.1 Overall Introduction to Faryab Province

Faryab Province in Northern Afghanistan (see Figure 1 on the next page) with a total land area of 21,000 km²,has an estimated population of 954,000, although unofficial estimates indicate that the number can be closer to 1.3 million (even figures up to 1,7 million have been used) [1]. The inhabitants consist primarily of ethnic Uzbeks and Tajiks in addition to Pashtuns, Turkmen and Hazara. The Province is divided into 14 districts (See Figure 2: Districts in Faryab Province Figure 2 on the next page).

Faryab Province is rich in natural resources: including salt and marble, and there are some traces of hydrocarbons found in Andkhoy, Almar and Qaysar districts. Faryab also used to be an important wheat growing area. There are 196,000 ha of rain-fed land and 160,000 ha of irrigated land, although it is estimated that less than 20% of the latter have adequate supplies of water. Almost all roads are unpaved resulting in poor accessibility, including lack of access to markets.

Figure 1: Provinces of Afghanistan

Figure 2: Districts in Faryab Province

Faryab Province has been one of the more peaceful areas in Afghanistan since the fall of the Taliban following the U.S. invasion of 2001, but hostile activities have gradually increased during the last two years.

The Province is severely affected by floods and droughts. Prolonged drought over a number of years has caused considerable loss in agricultural production, loss of livestock and lowering of the groundwater table all over the Province. In 2006, 84% of agricultural land yielded no crops due to drought and sun pest, in some districts nearly all land has been affected, e.g. Andkhoy with 96% of the land yielding no crops. 70% of the livestock lack adequate fodder. Kuchies (nomadic herders) are severely affected by the drought and most nomads have either sold their livestock or consumed them. Overall, it can be concluded that the Province is in a permanent emergency and relief situation due to recurrent floods and droughts.

1.2 Brief on to the Norwegian Development Involvement in Faryab Province

As part of the civil military cooperation in Afghanistan, Norway is leading the Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) in Faryab Province. PRT is part of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)-mandate to Afghanistan and consists of a military and civilian component.

The model followed by PRT Meymaneh[2] is that it does not implement development projects of its own. Based on Afghan national development priorities, local needs and the recommendations of the PRT, all Norwegian development aid is channeled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) and the Norwegian Embassy through the World Bank, UN and NGOs.

In Faryab, Norwegian support for water is channeled through NGOs (e.g. Norwegian Church Aid - NCA and Danish Committee for Aid to Afghan Refugees - DACAAR). All development agreements are signed by the Norwegian Embassy in Kabul or the MFA in Norway. The civilian part of the PRT is responsible for the follow up of the agreements in Faryab Province.

Annex 2 of this Terms of Reference (TOR) lists some more detailed initiatives in the Province supported by the Norwegian Government and other stakeholders

Faryab Province is a priority area for the Norwegian Government support to the country; a fact that is also reflected in the directing of development aid into the Province.

In the period 2002–2006, Norway’s development assistance to Afghanistan totalled NOK 300-350 million annually. From 2006 this amount increased substantially and also further increased in the following years. In Faryab Province alone, Norway allocated some NOK 48 million and 75 million to projects during 2006 and 2007 respectively. Since then total development budget for the country has been NOK 750 mill, of which 20% is utilised in Faryab.

Norway is also a main contributor to the multi-donor Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund (ARTF), which is administered by the World Bank. Development assistance channelled through the ARTF goes towards implementing national priority programmes, and towards funding the public sector. The fund is central in building Afghan capacity, and ensures good coordination. Securing broad-based support for the ARTF is important to the Norwegian Government.

The Norwegian Government strategy aims at a long-term approach to development in Afghanistan. The engagement is concentrated towards the following areas:

· Good Governance including anti-corruption

· Education

· Rural development

· Gender

· Energy

· Environment

· Peacekeeping, human rights and humanitarian aid.

The population is seeing tangible benefits from development efforts so far. The Norwegian Government has increased its efforts by supporting several development programmes in Faryab Province. For example between 2007 and 2010, DACAAR has provided 1,235 new water points and renovated 977 existing water points[3]

2. Sector Challenges and Project Justification

2.1 Ministerial Responsibility for Water in Afghanistan

The Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development (MRRD) has the mandate to improve the quality of life in rural areas, amongst other things, through provision of water and sanitation facilities to rural communities, which also is one of the primary activities of the humanitarian aid community in Afghanistan at large.[4]

To this end, MRRD implements the Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Irrigation Programme (-called “RuWatSip”)[5], started in 2004, which aims at improving access to safe drinking water and appropriate sanitation with clear focus on sustainability of services (the RuWatSip Dept. being the responsible body in the Ministry). Besides RuWatSip, other important programs and activities include National Solidarity Program (NSP), National Areas Based Development Program (NABDP), National Rural Access Program (NRAP), Microfinance, Emergency Response; Rural Enterprise, etc.

Other ministries with mandates on water also include:

· Ministry of Energy and Water (MEW) responsible for surface water resources management,

· Ministry of Mines (MoM) responsible for groundwater supplies,

· Ministry of Agriculture Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL) with responsibility for irrigation in rural areas,

· The Ministry of Urban Development and Housing (MUDH) is responsible for water supply and sewerage development in urban areas, through the Afghan Urban Water Supply & Sewerage Corporation (AUWSSC, which took over the operational responsibilities from the former CAWSS),

· The Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) undertakes programs to train women to educate the population about the importance of hygiene and clean water in preventing disease. Also this ministry will be the major partner for putting in place water quality monitoring system and water treatment facilities.

· Ministry of education as one of the strategic partner will help the program in hygiene education in school and communities for sustainable behaviour change.

MRRD reached agreement with other ministries on 23^rd March 2008 regarding the Faryab program where it was decided that the planned training would be provided to representatives of MEW and MoM in addition to MRRD.

2.2 The Rural Water Sector in Afghanistan

The MRRD clearly acknowledges that access to safe water and sanitation is a basic human right; the provision of such to households and communities enhances health by reducing death and disease through waterborne diseases, allowing individuals to fully participate and strengthen their standard of living. Some estimates state that 80% of Afghanistan’s total population lives within rural areas. Potable water and sanitary facilities coverage are among the world’s worst with estimated 73 % of the population having no access to safe drinking water and almost 95% lacking a hygienic latrine or toilet[6]. The social and health consequences are serious; under-5 mortality rates claim around 19 out of 100 children (rates in the Western World average 0.5 of 100), with more than half of deaths are attributable to preventable waterborne diseases. Household economic surveys indicate that spending on health care is second only to food.

MRRD has developed a national policy framework for the Water and Sanitation Programme. Four fundamental guiding principles are:

· Access to safe drinking water and sanitation is a basic human right.

· Safe water, hygiene practices and sanitation are directly linked to improved public health.

· Every rural household is entitled to an equitable allocation of resources for basic water and sanitation facilities.

· Community ownership and management of facilities is essential for sustainability of services provided.

RuWatSip Department’s key policies are:

· Basic services for all through: provision of minimum 25 litres/person/day of drinking water, access to sanitary latrines that can store human waste in a hygienic manner before final disposal and clear understanding of good hygiene practices.

· Improved health through an integrated approach. It comprises community mobilization, health and hygiene education, water supply and sanitation.

· Construction or rehabilitation of water and sanitation facilities on a cost-sharing basis. The costs for construction or rehabilitation will be shared with partly community contribution and partly Government subsidy. There isno subsidy in sanitation facilities, instead a regionally organised well-proved Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach All members of the participating community shall have equal access to water and sanitation facilities.

· Sustainability of services to be provided through community participation in all aspects of service delivery and promotion of best practice. The community will be the owner and manager of the completed facility and responsible for its operation, maintenance and management through existing or a newly established representative body.

Prior to the implementation of the NSP programme some 55,000 – 65,000 water points have been developed throughout the country by MRRD, NGOs, UN Agencies and other donor organisations. DACAAR has established the most with more than 40,000 including supporting operation and maintenance (O&M) systems. Substantially more water points are planned in the foreseeable future in order to reach a satisfactory coverage in the country and Faryab is no exception.

Due to natural conditions (principally geography and underlying geology), north Afghanistan has poor surface and groundwater quality that is not suitable for drinking purposes due to factors such as intercalation of saline layers and inherent leaching of harmful elements into the aquifer, , turbidity and other chemical elements that are harmful for humans.

MRRD RuWatSip is divided into a number of sections which is shown in the organisation chart in Annex 3 of this TOR. This includes a Training Section, a Monitoring Section, a WASH Section, a Hygiene Education Section and a Direct Project Implementation Section (DPIS). The RuWat Sip has a drilling department attached to the DPIS with 15 rigs, (4 of which are mechanical rotary type and the remainder are the percussion type).

UNICEF has recently provided some assistance to MRRD with the provision of water laboratory equipment and geophysical survey equipment. This also includes provision of training to enable competent use of this laboratory and geophysical survey equipment among MRRD personnel. UNICEF has also recently provided a tender for training associated with MIS.

More background information on the water sector situation in the Faryab Province can be found in the following documents:

1. “Analysis of the Water Situation in Faryab Province, Afghanistan: Water Resources, Drinking Water, Sanitation and Irrigation. The Royal Norwegian Embassy, Kabul. 8 December 2006”.

2. “ Water Resources Management Program, Faryab Province – Proposed Engagement Strategy” Report prepared by O. Skaiaa & H.O: Ibrekk, September 2007.

3. “Enhanced Safe Water Supply in Faryab Province – Final Report for period 2007-2010” DACAAR – July 2010.

These documents form the basis for the Norwegian Government’s continued support to the water sector in Afghanistan and will be made available to the Consultant.

2.3 Rationale

2.3.1 Water Resources – Hydrology and Hydrogeology

Water resources can be a potential source of conflict locally in several places within Afghanistan. Incidents of armed fights due to disagreements between water users have been reported in Faryab Province, and water conflicts are closely linked to disagreements over land ownership. Furthermore, clashes over water use also follow the ethnic conflict lines in the Province.

The water supply situation in Faryab is influenced by the low rainfall in the Province, which might not exceed 100-150 mm annually. Available baseline information covering the actual situation is weak, has not been regularly updated in recent years and is also partly non-existent in places. Notably however, the Province is affected by:

· Lack of access to safe drinking water; and poor water quality, particularly in 30-40% of the Province, which has saline, or “salty”, groundwater (See ).

· People in the urban areas within the districts of Faryab Province, especially the inhabitants of Andkhoy, use water from various sources, wells, and water pools from the Shirin Tagab River. All of these sources are unreliable and of poor quality. The water resources in the Andkhoy District suffer from high mineral content, natural gas and bacteriological contamination, resulting in high incidences of water-related diseases. None of the current sources of water provide a permanent solution to the problem.

· The most problematic areas in the Province with respect to water supply are the ones where the only water source available locally is saline groundwater.

· In these areas, the saline water is often used for irrigation wherever possible, and for drinking water for animals. Where people cannot drink the water, they frequently have to go 30 to 40 kilometres to collect drinking water using donkeys and camels. Some people have resorted to drinking the salty water implying that many have problems with kidney stones and bladder stones.

· The problem is particularly severe in Astana Valley, Shirin Tagab and the Shora Daria area. Some springs have been developed with two pipe schemes covering 20 villages. Also “kandas” have been developed, a system based of collecting rainwater in “caves” underground for use during dry periods. However, there are still many villages left without adequate access to potable water. For example, in 2005 the drought situation was so critical that 11 water tankers were operated for long periods to provide drinking water to the people. The tankers were operated by Provincial Rural Rehabilitation and Development (PRRD) and funded by different donors from earmarked “drought funding”.

Figure 3: Areas of Saline Water

However, this situation is clearly not ideal and not sustainable in the longer term. The geographical distribution of saline water has not been fully investigated to know if there is any correlation between the trend of saline formations and brine salt (saline lake) 15 km east of the settlement of Dowlatabad

2.3.2 Water and Sanitation Coverage

DACAAR have been active in Afghanistan since 1984 and have gained considerable experience in water and sanitation in Faryab Province. In 2006, DACAAR undertook a study on hygiene within Faryab. A total of 403 households were visited and 468 people in 22 different villages interviewed, whereby more than 90% of them were illiterate. The key findings were:

· The main water sources for more than 80% of all interviewees were rivers, streams and ponds, and the average time to collect drinking water was 262 minutes (4.5 hours), ranging from 0 up to 720 minutes (12 hours!).

· Almost half of all households had a latrine (48%), but many of them were unclean and most of them difficult to empty.

· 34% of the participants reported diarrhoea cases in their families during the two weeks prior to the survey, the majority of which were children.

· The majority of people (66.5%) did know that unsafe water can cause diarrhoea, but only 1.9% of the participants had taken actions to make their drinking water safer.

· Most children appeared to be “unclean” (90%) and also a big part of the adults wore dirty clothes (55%). Interviewers also noted that most areas around the main water sources (80%), most of the yards (81%) and most kitchens (85%), were unclean. Animals, garbage or faeces were spread around those places.

The most easily accessible areas have been covered by public water supply in the Province so far, although there is still a need to strengthen the service level by improving access in already covered areas. A key problem area is the Andkhoy area in the north. Here, the most available water is saline and the quantities of usable water available are not adequate. The only solution is to use polluted water from surface sources and saline wells. Deep wells have been drilled to over 350 meters in search of drinking water - without success. Through a MEW project, a solution covering the water supply for drinking water to Andkhoy city and the 4 northern districts has been identified and implemented.

In the middle of the Province, in the districts of Dawalatabad and Shirin Tagab, wells have been developed along the rivers, with varying results. In some areas, shallow and deep wells have adequate water quality, while in other areas the groundwater is not drinkable. In these latter areas water has to be brought in by donkey or water tankers. However, according to DACAAR, it is possible to increase coverage along the river in the eastern part of the Province by using wells. In the Western Valley the water is mainly saline and alternative solutions would be needed. This phenomena may be accounted for leaching, recharge (river) and the direction of groundwater movement

In the southern part of the Province, where there are higher mountains and more rainfall, the water supply situation is generally better. There are many possibilities of developing springs and connect these through smaller piped gravity systems to villages. In addition, it is possible to increase water supply coverage using shallow and semi-deep wells;

Between March 2007 and March 2010, DACAAR undertook a project entitled “Enhanced Safe Water Supply and Food Security in Faryab Province”. This was a framework agreement with the Royal Norwegian Embassy in Kabul to support rural communities in Faryab. During this three year program DACAAR provided safe drinking water to communities by 1,235 water points, including 709 tube wells (boreholes), deepening of 50 dug wells, provision of 471 stand posts (standpipes) and 5 rainwater harvesting “Kandahs” (reservoirs). A total of 23 members of the community were trained as mechanics/valve operators. Furthermore O&M teams renovated some 977 existing water points during the same period. This data could be used to prepare the hydro-geological map of the area and identify the trend saline and fresh water aquifers and hence better planning for the future work

DACAAR also constructed 3,815 latrines and delivered hygiene messages to 38,480 families and 2,222 students in schools and provided 4,955 families with hygiene kits.

2.3.3 Other Relevant Projects

The Water and Sanitation Sectoral Group (WSG), which prepares policy and strategy for the sector, was established by DACAAR, UNICEF and others in 1997. The WSG is now chaired by MRRD and has three working groups for water, sanitation and hygiene education. DACAAR operates a water point database, a copy of which was handed over to the MRRD in 2007 as the foundation for the national water point database, but it has not updated since this time. The reasons for this are many; not least the comparative number of water points being monitored in relation to the total number of water points. The WSG database (as managed by DACAAR) is designed to collect a substantial amount of technical data that is beyond the capacity of the communities and implementing partners to collect on an ongoing basis. In addition most of the data is not relevant to MRRD’s asset management responsibilities and should rather be kept in a professional database system specifically designed to keep borehole logs and water quality data.

DACAAR continues to maintain the water point database which now exceeds more than 40,000 water points. The database includes comprehensive information about the wells that it has improved to date. This includes GPS data from the individual water point, statistics on quality of water (EC, pH, etc.) depth of the well, static water level, the name of the village and community elder, donor, year of implementation, type of hand pump etc. For monitoring purposes, DACAAR completion reports contain all the required information on the project along with a photo of each water point and latrine. These completion reports are entered and updated on a regular basis, and the information can be extrapolated in a GIS system and shown cartographically.

Furthermore, DACAAR is the only NGO in Afghanistan which has in-house capacity and established routines for quality control and inspection of the full range of water and sanitation materials (pipe, hand pumps, etc). The DACAAR water supply programme includes a Technical Monitoring Unit (TMU) which carries out the work and follow-up monitoring of all ongoing water supply projects, further enhancing the quality of the technical work.

DACAAR also has a water quality testing laboratory at the main office in Kabul. This facility conducts chemical, physical and bacteriological testing of water samples. Besides its use for DACAAR-led projects, the laboratory also offers its services to other NGOs, private companies and government departments.

As previously mentioned in Section 2.2, UNICEF has supported MRRD with measuring equipment to support their water laboratory unit and geophysical survey teams. This support also includes provision of trainers to educate the MRRD staff. In addition UNICEF has recently tendered for a management information system (MIS) Specialist to provide training to MRRD personnel in database development.[7]

2.3.4 Project Justification and Description

Without good quality water points, humans have very little choice other than using the polluted waters. Significant efforts have been made by RuWatSip Department of MRRD to find suitable and sustainable solutions for the identified problems, but due to lack of hydrogeological knowledge and shortage of technical and professional expertise, the solutions have not been satisfactory up to now.

As previously mentioned, the principal problem areas in the Province regarding water supply are the areas where the only water source locally available is groundwater and where this is saline.

Before considering drilling of deep wells, or the construction of dams for irrigation and hydropower, there is a need to undertake detailed hydrogeological investigations within Faryab Province.

Furthermore, there will be a need to undertake strategic institutional cooperation between the Afghan Government and donors investing in the water sector to determine what are the best development options and approaches to meet the long-term needs at the provincial, regional and district level. Increasingly, such studies are nevertheless becoming a prerequisite for the rural water supply sector over the country, and specifically in Faryab Province, which may turn out to become a pilot project for other provinces.

3. Development Goals and Project Objectives

3.1 Sector Development Goals

Long term to:

“Improve rural communities’ health and increase productivity in Faryab Province of Afghanistan by the provision of safe and sustainable water supply and sanitation services”.

Short term to:

”Strengthening and enhancing the capacity of the governmental staff at central and provincial levels, NGOs, private sector and beneficiary communities to scale up provision of sustainable water supply facilities”.

3.2 Objectives

General objectives towards which the project will contribute are to:

· Establish an improved basis for continued development of adequate water points for the rural area in Faryab Province

· Retain current implementation capacity to supplement that of the NGOs and the private sector

· Build capacity at the provincial level to take up and accelerate the role of monitoring and evaluation.

· Encourage NGOs, private companies and other agencies to continue their water (and sanitation) development efforts within the National Policy Framework.

· Develop an effective coordination mechanism at the national and provincial levels for the sector.

Specific objectives of the project:

· Enhance the capacity of MRRD RuWatSip Dept staff and the PRRD staff in conducting investigations and surveys of underground water through HGS. In this regard Faryab will serve as a pilot province.

· Find out better and sustainable solutions for water supply sources taking into account the information obtained from hydrogeology investigations. In this regard Faryab will serve as a pilot province.

· Improve the capacity of MRRD and PRRD technical staff in conducting water quality testing, drilling technologies, and working with the existing management information system (MIS), etc.

· Develop methodological knowledge of hydro-geological investigations of groundwater sources in Faryab to be used as pilot entry point to other provinces.

· Enable MRRD and PRRD staff

o To plan and conduct studies of groundwater in consultation with MoM.

o To improve their technical knowledge and expertise in water supply designs, survey, MIS, GIS, water quality, water treatment and ethical project management.

o To address the problem of saline water in the Faryab Province.

o To make better plans for increasing the access to safe drinking water in Faryab.

· Prepare adequate information on groundwater sources in Faryab so that strategic water points for drinking purposes can be constructed in the future.

· To undertake conceptual/preliminary design of up to three water supply projects preferably in saline areas.[8]

The project framework is included in Annex 1.

4. Approach and Methodology

4.1 Project Description and Approach

The Project will involve training and institutional cooperation and capacity building (ICCB) activities that will focus around a HGS for Faryab Province to assess target sites that show potential for improved water quality.

The Project will be divided into three main stages:

1. Inception Stage

2. Planning Stage

3. Implementation Stage (including Final Reporting)

This overall approach of dividing the project in three distinct stages has been chosen because it provides flexibility with regard to the prevalent security situation in Faryab province and Afghanistan as a whole. As compared to detailed planning of the whole project from the start this approach allows better steering of the contents and applied methodology of the next stage, both by MRRD, the provincial authorities and the Norwegian Government. It allows the project parties to “take a step back” and review the findings and contents in view of the latest political and security development in the country and the current situation in the Province at large. This is believed to be a viable approach to secure that the project interventions are well founded and adapted to the prevalent situation as regards security, politics and strategy.

This approach implicitly means that the more detailed scope of work and methodology for Stages 2 and 3 will not be planned at project start-up. The Inception Stage (Stage 1) will define the contents of the Planning Stage (Stage 2), which again will define the contents of the Implementation Stage (Stage 3). Hence, this TOR is mostly outlining the framework and overall scope within which the Consultant will work.

Working modality

As mentioned previously in 2.2.4 DACAAR have been pre-selected to work with the Consultant on this project. It is important to have DACAAR affiliated to the Consultant’s team from the very beginning, in order to make sure that updated information on the prevalent situation in the Province is taken into account and no time is lost in the process of commencement. The Consultant will therefore enter into a contract with DACAAR at commencement of the Inception Stage, with an outline of the preliminary tasks and budget available. The detailed input and budget for the Planning Stage will be concluded by the end of the Inception Stage; and inputs and budget for the Implementation Stage, by the end of the Planning Stage.

Furthermore, travel for the Consultant’s foreign staff into and out of Faryab Province is only permitted by air at the time of preparing these TOR, and movement in the field is either prohibited or very much restricted for foreigners. The international Consultant therefore must substantially depend on the assistance and close cooperation of DACAAR, when making visits to Meymaneh to meet with Provincial staff and other relevant stakeholders working in the water sector.

Whilst in Faryab, the Consultant will work from DACAAR’s office in Meymaneh that is already established and will be the base for the implementation of the HGS and field activities. As part of their learning experience, MRRD and PRRD staff will be actively involved in these activities. Necessary coordination will be made with other relevant ministries at national and provincial level, as well as with other NGOs, and with other national programs like NSP, NABDP etc.

Training Policy

To prevent migration of these trained staff to the private sector after project completion, MRRD human resource policy specifies that the contracted staff selected as trainees will be bonded for at least 2 years, with a signed agreement (“commitment letter”) to stay with the Ministry and share their knowledge and capacity with other civil servants.

The Consultant needs to be aware of the other training initiatives being undertaken within MRRD, most notably those by UNICEF working with the water quality laboratory equipment, the geophysical survey equipment and the provision of a MIS expert. Efforts need to be made to properly coordinate the Consultant’s proposed training activities with these other initiatives to the maximum benefit of the project.

Reporting Approach

At the end of the respective Stages 1 and 2 (Inception and Planning), an end of stage report will be submitted (i.e. Inception Report and Planning Report) containing the findings and status of the project and of the water sector overall in Faryab, and provide recommendations on the detailed approach and methodology to apply in the next stage. The reports will be reviewed by the parties, and bridging workshops with the main stakeholders will be arranged to discuss the findings and recommendations, and the way forward. The most important milestone will be between the Planning and the Implementation stages, as most of the project costs will occur during the latter.

According to the Bilateral Agreement, six monthly progress reports are also required. The Consultant for greater efficiency should combine as much as possible the reporting requirements from the Bilateral Agreement with his other deliverables. Consequently, the first progress report should be included in the Planning Report and the last progress report (No 5) should be included in the Draft Final Report The other three progress reports 2, 3 and 4 will be stand alone documents.

4.1.1 The Inception Stage (2 months)

Objective

To collect all available data and existing reports and to prepare an Inception report that is sufficiently detailed in scope to enable a workable plan for moving forward to the Planning Stage.

Activities

The activities to be undertaken during the Inception Stage should include but not necessarily be limited to the following:

· Mobilisation to Kabul

· Establishment of project office in Kabul preferably at MRRD

· Formation of the Project Coordination Unit (PCU) and nomination by MRRD of project staff for training

· Undertake Training Needs Assessment (TNA) for nominated staff

· Make visit to Meymaneh in Faryab with DACAAR to meet provincial staff

· Establish relationships with other water related ministries and other stakeholders

· To gain thorough understanding of the water sector and challenges related to hydrogeological surveying and rural water supply in Afghanistan.

· Begin the process of data collection from all stakeholders institutions

· To outline the principal activities envisaged for the planning stage-

Outputs/Deliverables

The outputs and deliverables for this stage include:

· Draft Inception Report including a TNA and detailed work schedule for the Planning Stage

· Inception Workshop

· Final Inception Report

Important Issues for Inception

After mobilisation to Afghanistan, the Consultant will work closely with key staff of DACAAR and the RuWatSip. It is important to organise the most appropriate modality for office operations at MRRD office location in Kabul.

The Consultant must gather information available for the project from all relevant authorities, and will visit all relevant stakeholder institutions (in Faryab and in Kabul). This will also include existing MIS (database) related documentation that is available. It should be noted that DACAAR are a very good source of information in this regard.

The Consultant will also meet with other development organisations, both international and national, to get an overview of which other sector efforts/projects/programmes are taking place in the Province, and in the country concerning groundwater exploration, exploitation and treatment. This should include introductory visits and establishment of relationships with MEW and MoM. The efforts to map the current situation will be a very important basis to detail the planning approach in the following stage. The Consultant is also encouraged to visit GIZ to obtain the most recent initiatives on the National Water Master Plan and on the development of National Basin (and Sub Basin) Agency and National Basin Councils.

The Inception Stage will culminate in the submission of a Draft Inception Report (eight weeks after mobilisation), clearly presenting the current groundwater and water supply situation in Faryab, the results of the TNA, and outlining the detailed steps to be taken to plan the project during the next stage (the planning stage), both for the HGS, MIS and the ICCB.

As a minimum the Draft Inception Report should cover the main topics which are described in more detail in Section 10.

Following the submission of the Draft Inception Report, the main stakeholders will get an opportunity to review and comment on the contents therein. A one-day bridging workshop/meeting will be held in Kabul to discuss the findings and recommendations.[9] The participants in the workshop shall be the main stakeholders in the project, the Norwegian Embassy/Norad, MRRD, PRRD, DACAAR, but also MEW and MoM. Consideration should also be given to inviting other participants such as those involved with the water/groundwater sector as a whole within the country.

Based on the comments to the Draft Inception Report and the relevant comments raised in the workshop, the Consultant will revise and submit the Final Inception Report (including a detailed budget, and identified relevant trainees for the subsequent stage) to MRRD for approval with no objection from Norad before embarking on the Planning Stage.

4.1.2 The Planning Stage (6 months)

Objective

To devise an efficient HGS, conceptual design for water supply to small towns and functional training program that can be used to move forward into project implementation. To prepare a Planning Report sufficiently detailed in scope and content to enable effective execution of the Implementation Stage.

Activities

· Preparation of a detailed ICCB training program (curriculum) to be undertaken during the Implementation Stage (this should take into consideration the outline scope of training (TNA) presented in the Inception Report).

· Prepare design of the HGS that needs to take into consideration techniques for water point selection (i.e. using hydrogeological survey methods). During the planning of the HGS, historic data should be collected from other projects run by NGOs or other stakeholders. All data must be consolidated and analyzed.

· Undertake pilot hydrogeological survey methods to enable selection of preferred sites in Faryab Province for further field investigation through drilling during the Implementation Stage.

· Establish and agree organisational, operational and investigative procedures for the drilling works and test pumping works to be undertaken during the Implementation Stage.

· Establish and agree routines for data collection from drilling, test pumping and water quality sampling and analysis. Such data is likely to include water levels, estimates of yield, description of geological samples, including main aquifers encountered, water quality data (water chemistry), etc.

· Assess the current structure and content of the MIS at MRRD which was provided from the DACAAR WSG Database

· Establish and assess if there are any gaps in the database structure and content and to plan how these data can be collected during the Implementation Stage.

· Prepare a conceptual outline design of three water supply schemes to smaller towns (less than 5,000 inhabitants) within Faryab Province. (The towns will be selected in close cooperation with the provincial authorities)[10]. .

· Assessment of various alternatives for water supply to the three selected small towns (including use of treatment of brackish water), including an outline financial analysis of the various alternatives and assumptions/risks of implementation.

· Updated work plan, time and personnel schedules for the Implementation Stage.

· Preparation of a detailed budget for the Implementation Stage.

· Bridging workshop.

Outputs/Deliverables

The outputs and deliverables for this stage include:

· Draft Planning Report

· Bridging Workshop

· Final Planning Report

Important Issues for Planning

During the detailed preparation for the ICCB training program, various training modules should be prepared for the Implementation Stage. Such training programs must include “trainer of trainers” courses so that knowledge can be disseminated to other provinces later on (this will be the responsibility of the MRRD). Such a training program has to include all facets of HGS, water quality investigations, drilling techniques, simulation, design of larger size piped water supply schemes, MIS, English language and use of computer software in engineering fields (i.e AutoCAD) and water supply program management.

It is important that the training to a large degree can be performed in Dari language; hence there is an important need to have translation facilities included.

The following topics are among the priorities of the RuWatSIP/MRRD to be focused on during the training and should be included in the training curriculum:

· Operation of electrical resistivity and induced polarity (IP) meter,

· Data collection using the electrical resistivity and IP meter,

· Analysis and interpretation of collected data,

· Use of software for data transfer, processing, interpretation and plotting,

· Werner and Schlumberger interface,

· How to identify faults in bed rocks as potential aquifers,

· How to translate geophysical data into geological section,

· Selection of profile based on the strata set up (in line with strike or across the strike/dip

· Well logging (Geological and geophysical logging for sampling, aquifer identification, screen placement, backfilling, well development etc),

The Consultant (with cooperation from DACAAR) will identify sites in Faryab Province through hydrogeological survey methods in collaboration with the PRRD in each district.

There is an existing MIS within MRRD (provided from DACAAR WSG Database in 2007) that will need to be updated and improved with the new data that is collected. On the improvement of the MIS it is important to have in mind that MRRD requires a clear picture of water availability in Faryab Province in terms of water quality, surface water and groundwater potential including thematic easy-to-understand maps showing geological information on availability of good quality groundwater. International acceptable and widely used software to store the data logs and to analyse such data must be compatible with and connected to the GIS systems that are incorporated or provided separately. The MIS shall be developed with the potential and capacity of serving the whole country, not only Faryab. Its base will therefore be centrally located. The Consultant must consider adaptation of the existing MRRD MIS, by taking into consideration what currently exists and what new development is required. Standardisation in order to easily transfer data between the relevant actors is an important element here. It is important that the Consultant is also aware of the initiatives currently being developed by MRRD and UNICEF on the MIS.

The Draft Planning Report should be submitted within eight months after the commencement of the project (six months from the end of the Inception Stage). The further timing is dependent on the approval of the work plan and budget for the implementation Stage by the MRRD, Norad/Norwegian Embassy.

The Planning Stage will culminate in the submission of a Draft Inception Report (eight weeks after mobilisation), clearly presenting the current groundwater and water supply situation in Faryab, the results of the TNA, and outlining the detailed steps to be taken to plan the project during the next stage (the planning stage), both for the HGS, MIS and the ICCB.

As a minimum the Draft Planning Report should cover the main topics which are described in more detail in Section 10.

Following the submission of the Draft Planning Report, the main stakeholders will get an opportunity to review and comment on the contents therein. A two-day bridging workshop/meeting will be held in Kabul to discuss the findings and recommendations. The participants in the workshop shall be the main stakeholders in the project, the Norwegian Embassy/Norad, MRRD, PRRD, DACAAR, but also MEW and MoM. Consideration should also be given to inviting other participants such as those involved with the water/groundwater sector as a whole within the country.

Based on the comments to the Draft Planning Report and the relevant comments raised in the workshop, the Consultant will revise and submit the Final Planning Report (including a detailed budget for the subsequent stage) to MRRD for approval with “no objection” from Norad before embarking on the Implementation Stage.

4.1.3 The Implementation Stage - (28 months)

Objective

Complete the HGS in order to ensure a better understanding of the groundwater situation, to complete the design of water supply for three towns, ICCB training program and MIS during the implementation stage to ensure better understanding of the finalisation of all report deliverables.

Activities

· Undertaking the HGS

· Preliminary design of the water supply for up to three small towns

· Implementation of the ICCB training program.

· Preparation of a draft HGS Report.

· Undertake HGS winding up workshop

· Analyse results, improve and update the MIS.

· Preparation of MIS Report and MIS Manuals

· Prepare Draft Completion Report for the Project (including last 6 monthly progress report)

· Project winding up workshop

· Prepare Final Completion Report for the Project.

Outputs/Deliverables

· Capacity Building Report

· MIS Report and Manual

· Draft HGS report

· HGS Winding up workshop

· Final HGS Report

· Draft Completion Report

· Project Winding Up Workshop

· Final Completion Report

Important Issues for Implementation

The most important component of the Implementation Stage will be the HGS that will include the drilling of targets identified during the Planning Stage. Following a critical assessment of the local security situation and access in the area, all the selected sites from the initial hydrogeological investigations will be drilled to assess yield and water quality. The results obtained from the drilling will be presented in a HGS Report.

The data and information collected from the drilled boreholes and the pumping tests performed will be entered into the MIS. The MIS will be expanded and developed as identified during the Planning Stage, to make it feasible as a key reference for future interventions in Faryab and nationally.

The preliminary design of up to three water supply schemes will take further the conceptual design developed during the Planning Stage. These three water supply schemes are most likely to be located in saline areas.

The Draft Completion Report containing a synthesis of all activities performed during inception, planning and implementation including the finalised HGS, water supply preliminary design, training and capacity building program will be submitted three months before the closing of the project and after all the field work in the Province has been undertaken.

As a minimum the Draft Completion Report should cover the main topics which are described in more detail in Section 10.

Following the submission of the Draft Completion Report, the main stakeholders will get an opportunity to review and comment on the contents therein. A final 2-day workshop will be held in Kabul to present the main findings of the project and to discuss the Consultant’s recommendations for remediation measures and exploration and exploitation of the groundwater in the Province. In order to disseminate the useful findings from the project to a wider audience, with a view to take on board similar approaches and solutions elsewhere, the number of participants should be larger than in the previous two workshops.

Based on the comments to the report received from the Norad/Norwegian Embassy in conjunction with MRRD, the Consultant will revise the Completion Report and submit the final version prior to the closure of the project (i.e. 36 months)

5. Project Organisation, Management and Institutional Cooperation

A principle organisation chart envisaged for the project is shown in Figure 4 below:

As previously mentioned, the international consultant will work with DACAAR who will provide local staff for the project. The international Consultant will draw up a sub-consultancy contract with DACAAR for participation in the project. The sub-consultancy contract must be signed at the start-up of the Inception Stage and must define the tasks and exact time input for the DACAAR staff in the Inception Stage. As the input from DACAAR and detailed tasks in the subsequent project stages are not known in detail by the start-up of the project, this input will have to be agreed upon later in the project (as e.g. addendums to the initial contract, or otherwise as deemed practical). The division of responsibilities and obligations between the main partners (Consultant, MRRD/PCU) will be discussed and agreed upon during the Inception Stage.

In addition to the respective reports mentioned in Section 4, MRRD and Norad will monitor progress by having regular Annual meetings throughout the project which will be recorded through the provision of agreed minutes. These meetings will discuss overall status and progress including results and fulfilment of objectives and agreed obligations. Financial monitoring will be enabled by regular updates on monthly invoicing from the Consultant that will be summarised in the half yearly progress reports that are a requirement of the bilateral agreement.

Figure 4: Principle Organisation Chart for the Project

6. Project Staffing. Team Members

The Consultant must employ an international team fully qualified for the provision of the requested services. The working language of the project will be English and consequently all members of the team must possess proficiency in English. The Consultant should also be aware in undertaking this project in particular in the rural areas that it is important to have a gender sensitive approach. Furthermore, the Consultant should be aware of conflict sensitivities that can occur in the establishment of wells and boreholes in rural areas.

In addition, an adequate number of Dari speakers shall be assigned at the field level to ensure smooth communication among all participants, especially during the training sessions. DACAAR in consultation with the MRRD and PRRD will provide these Dari speaking staff to the project.

6.1 Qualifications of the International Team Members

Four key international experts have been identified for the project. Additionally, there will most likely be a need for short-term inputs from a selection of other specialists (an “expert pool”) on specific project tasks (e.g. land surveying in connection with the preliminary design of small towns water supply schemes). A provisional sum for such staff will be made in the budget, allowing for some flexibility for the Consultant in the Implementation stage.[11] Consultants should in their tender prepare a preliminary list of such short-term staff if such inputs are clearly identified in this early stage of the project planning.

The Consultant shall include CVs for the following key international experts:

· Team Leader –Water and Hydrogeology Engineer

· Training Specialist

· MIS/GIS Specialist

· Financial Analyst/Economist

Key Expert 1 - Team Leader, Water and Hydro-geology Engineer (22 man-months)

Qualifications and Skills:

The Team Leader, Water and Hydrogeology Engineer is expected to possess at least a Masters Degree in Water/Environmental Engineering or Hydrogeology, with experience in leading multidisciplinary teams, be fluent in English and have good computer skills, communication, leadership and organisational skills.

General professional experience:

The Team Leader, Water and Hydrogeology Engineer is expected to possess at least 15 years of project management experience working on water supply and sanitation projects from arid/semi arid developing countries.

Specific professional experience:

The Team Leader, Water and Hydrogeology Engineer should have experience in the following:

· Providing technical and on-the-job training in hydrogeology studies and mapping from arid zones, soil and water sampling, and ground water monitoring studies.

· Working with maps and hydro-geological information including using data from test boreholes

· Assisting trainees in hydro-geological studies, water quality analysis, and ground water monitoring.

· Preparing guidelines and manuals on hydro-geological studies and water quality treatment methods

Key Expert 2 - Training Specialist (16 man-months)

Qualifications and Skills:

The Training Specialist is expected to possess at least a Masters Degree in Science or Technology, with experience in institutional capacity building, be fluent in English and have very good training, communication and organisational skills.

General professional experience:

The Training Specialist is expected to possess at least 10 years of experience working with institutional capacity building preferably from government or stakeholder institutions in developing countries, preferably from semi-arid areas.

Specific professional experience:

The Training Specialist should also have experience in the following:

· Undertaking detailed training needs assessments.

· Facilitating and organizing training for government departments in institutional capacity building activities.

· On-the-job training

· Preparing training plans in coordination with respective training officers from stakeholder organizations.

· Organizing and implementing short-term international training and learning visits.

· Some familiarity working with water terminology especially hydrogeological terms and groundwater exploration and exploitation would be an advantage

· Prior experience in WaterCAD would be an advantage

Key Expert 3 – MIS/GIS Specialist (6 man-months)

Qualifications and Skills:

The MIS/GIS Specialist is expected to possess at least a Masters Degree in Science or Technology, with experience in MIS/GIS and related topics (including institutional capacity building), be fluent in English and have very good database and computer, communication and organisational skills.

General professional experience:

The MIS/GIS Specialist is expected to possess at least 10 years of experience working with databases preferably from government or stakeholder institutions in developing countries. The MIS/GIS Specialist should be familiar with integrated water resources quality and quantity data management.

Specific professional experience

The MIS/GIS - Specialist should also have experience in the following:

· Undertaking detailed training needs assessments related to MIS skills.

· Designing of computerized databases, and adaptation of existing ones, to use for HGS.

· Training in design of database using various survey equipments.

· Producing useful outputs from the databases, reports, plans, maps, etc.

Key Expert 4 – Financial Analyst/Economist (2 man-month)

Qualifications and Skills:

The Financial Analyst/Economist is expected to possess at least a Masters Degree in Economy, with experience from financial analysis of usage of natural resources, preferably water resources. She/he will have to be fluent in English and have good computer and communication skills.

General professional experience:

The Financial Analyst/economist is expected to possess at least 10 years of experience, working with analysis of various development scenarios related to exploitation and usage of natural resources in semi-arid developing countries, and/or countries with limited financial resources.

Specific professional experience:

The Financial Analyst/Economist should have experience in the following:

· Identification and collection of the most crucial parameters and data required to be able to analyse various development scenarios for town and rural water supplies.

· Providing theoretical and on-the-job training to relevant national staff having some experience from such analysis, although at a simple level.

· Preparing an “easy-to-understand” report presenting the analysis and options for future financing of the measures proposed by the Technical Team

Other Short term Consultants

There will be requirements during the project for provision of specialist expertise to assist with the different project components. This is anticipated to include the following specialists:

· Water treatment specialist familiar with the design of water supply systems from brackish water areas.

· Drilling Engineer familiar with rotary and direct percussion drilling techniques in arid areas using combinations of air and mud media.

· Geophysicist familiar with operation, data collection and analysis using resistivity and induced polarization (IP) meters for horizontal surveys as well as down-hole geophysical surveys.

· Social Anthropologist with experience in gender and conflict resolution processes

6.3 Time input of the International Team Members

Table 1 below shows an indicative distribution of the estimated time (person months) of the various internal key experts in the three project stages. (Following from the overall approach of the project, it should be noted that the input listed for the Planning and Implementation Stages are preliminary at the time of preparing these TOR.

Table 1: Inputs for International Staff

Staff	Inception Stage (2 months)	Planning Stage (6 months)	Implementation Stage (28 months)	Total
Team Leader Water + Hydrogeology Eng.	2	6	14	22
Training Specialist	1	5	10	16
MIS Specialist	1	2	3	6
Financial Analyst/Economist	0	1	1	2
Short-term consultants, as necessary	1	4	5	10
TOTAL	5	18	33	56

6.3 Local Team Members from DACAAR

To support the international consultant, there will be a need to provide local consulting personnel from DACAAR who have an established record working in Faryab Province within the groundwater sector. The following Table 2 indicates the staff that will be provided by DACAAR to give support in the various project stages. Although the list is preliminary, it is considered a minimum requirement.

Table 2: Inputs for DACAAR Staff

DACAAR Staff (Tentative)	Inception Stage	Planning Stage	Implementation Stage
Water Sector Expert/ Deputy Team Leader/	ü	ü	ü
Project Assistant	ü	ü	ü
Hydrogeologist	ü	ü	ü
Project Officer 1	ü	ü	ü
Project Officer 2		ü	ü
Laboratory Technician 1		ü	ü
Laboratory Technician 2			ü
Training Assistant/Interpreter 1	ü	ü	ü
Training Assistant/Interpreter 2		ü	ü

The input of the DACAAR staff in the Planning and Implementation Stages will have to be assessed during the preceding stages. This means that the findings and analysis made during the Inception Stage will define the need for DACAAR staffing input in the Planning Stage, and subsequently the analysis in the Planning Stage will reveal the needs for staffing in the Implementation Stage.

It is assumed that a total of six (6) person months combined of DACAAR input will be needed during the Inception Stage.

The international Consultant will prepare a sub-contract with DACAAR covering the Inception Stage, and with a provision of extending the contract into the two subsequent stages (planning and implementation). (The total number of DACAAR person months input in the Planning and Implementation Stages will thus have to be specified in two addendums to the contract when the work plans and budgets for these stages have been approved).

6.4 Other Local Team Members

The “counterpart group” from MRRD will in principle be the PCU that will be established for the project (see Chapter 11) [12]. The number, participation and contribution of PRRD staff in the project will have to be identified and agreed to during the Inception Stage.

MRRD staff from Kabul and PRRD personnel in Faryab Province will participate in the training activities under the Project. Furthermore, personnel from other ministries and provinces are expected to take part in training activities.

7. Equipment

The Consultant will need to procure essential equipment to commence the project. The following Table 3 is a tentative list of equipment that will need to be purchased at project commencement.

Table 3: Tentative List of Equipment for Procurement

	Quantity	Item	Quantity
4 WD Pick up	3	Flash Disks	10
Office Equipment / Furniture	1	Scanner	2
Laptop Computer	5	Digital Camera	6
Desktop Computer	10	UPS / Charger	4
Photocopy Machine	2	Projector	2
Printer (B&W)	5	GPS	3
Printer (Colour)	2

At a later stage, (i.e. towards the end of the Planning Stage), the Consultant will prepare a list of field equipment to be used in the HGS that will need to be procured/hired for Project implementation.

The expected requirements for equipment and for implementation of the HGS should be reconfirmed by the Consultant in cooperation with the relevant parties in MRRD (i.e. drilling unit). A provisional sum has been applied for these items in the budget.

8. The Budget

As previously mentioned, three distinct stages are planned on this project, namely:

· Inception Stage

· Planning Stage

· Implementation Stage

Consequently, the allocation of funding and available budget will follow the same modality as the stages.

The Consultant will be expected to prepare a detailed budget that will form part of the Inception Report. This will be at a time when the Consultant has obtained a full overview of the information and data available for the subsequent Planning Stage and has updated himself of the last years’ developments in the groundwater sector in the Province, and in the country at large. Furthermore, the Training Needs Assessment (TNA), which will be undertaken during the Inception Stage, will also provide important information on training requirements that will need to be taken into consideration and undertaken during the subsequent stages.

In accordance with the Bilateral Agreement, the project will be financed out of a total grant of NOK 34.3 million. In addition, the MRRD will provide a local contribution, equivalent to USD 630,000. The MRRD contribution is to provide for MRRD staff salaries during the inception, planning and implementation stages (for PCU staff and other experts participating in the project), and for provision of a drilling rig that will be required during the Implementation Stage.

9. Timing

The project will run from 2011 – 2014, for a three-year period (36 months).

Extreme winter weather might prevail in Faryab and the Consultants are advised to take this into consideration in the preparation of the activity schedules their proposals. In particular, the HGS field work must be planned for the optimum time of the year for obtaining reliable hydrogeological information.

A tentative work plan is shown in Figure 5 below.

Figure 5: Tentative Project Work Plan

10. Reporting

10.1 Consultants Reports

The Consultant will produce and submit to the PCU of RuWatSip Department the following documents in the English language. The table has been marked (blue shading) indicating those that require Norad approval and those that do not.[13]

Report Type	Due	Copies
Inception Report: · Project Synopsis · Situation at commencement, review of available documents, project progress with mobilisation. · Description of the groundwater situation regarding exploitation and water quality in the area; the water supply situation in the Province (demand, coverage, forecasts of population and demand divided on districts, overview of supply schemes, water quality and treatment issues), · List of stakeholders in the water supply sector and with water resources (including international and national NGOs (DACAAR) , and bilateral donors), · Description of the role for DACAAR on the project · Clarification of roles for MRRD/PRRD and districts · Describe the composition and working modality of the Project Coordination Unit in MRRD at central level, including the tasks to be undertaken by the various staff members. · Proposed modality of coordination and cooperation with other projects/programmes and actors within Faryab Province · Analysis of the Project rationale and relevance, · Development of a viable work plan for the next two stages (planning and implementation). · Description of any unexpected problems and solutions. · An overall Training Needs Assessment (TNA) of national and provincial level personnel, and an outline training programme for the Project. This will include detailed description of training sessions to be initiated within the planning stage and a preliminary proposal for training during the Implementation Stage (to be further detailed during the Planning Stage). · Describe the deliverables/outputs to be provided in the Planning Stage and a scope of the main results anticipated for the Implementation Stage, including monitoring indicators. · A listing of constraints, risks and assumptions, related to the activities and objectives. · Updated project framework. · A detailed budget for the Planning Stage. · The modality of the Consultant’s financial management (invoicing, payments and accounting) for the project. · The Quality Assurance (QA) system for the project.	8 weeks after commencement	10
Planning Report (including First Progress Report) · Project synopsis · Presentation of a detailed approach and methodology for the next stage, taking into consideration the prevalent security and political situation in the Province and the country at large. · Formulation of the project outputs/deliverables in the Implementation Stage and the outcomes. · Preparation of a detailed ICCB training program for the Implementation Stage (based on the outline scope of training and TNA presented in the Inception Report). · Design of the HGS (including, procedures for borehole siting using geophysical survey techniques (electrical resistivity, magnetometer, seismic etc), provision/, organisation of the drilling activities, the drilling team set-up, the proposed location of test drilling holes, sampling and analysing of water quality, test pumping, data collection/compilation and database entering, identification of gaps in the data, quality assurance). · Adaptation of the existing MIS in MRRD taking into consideration what currently exists and what new development is required. Standardisation in order to easy transfer data between the relevant actors is an important element here. · A conceptual outline design of up to three water supply schemes to smaller towns (less than 5,000 inhabitants) within Faryab Province. (Towns selected in close cooperation with provincial authorities), · Assess various alternatives for water supply to the three selected small towns (including use of brackish water with treatment), including outline financial analysis of the various alternatives and assumptions/risks of implementation · Updated work plan, time and personnel schedules for the Implementation Stage. · A detailed budget for the Implementation Stage. · A updated listing of constraints, risks and assumptions, related to the activities in the Implementation Stage.	8 months after commencement	10
Progress Reports Nos. 2 , 3 and 4 · Planned work progress, · Actual work progress during period, · explanation of deviations from planned progress, · Budget and financial status, · Explanation of deviations from budgets for the next period, · Problems or constraints (including an update of the security situation), and · Other business matters.	Every 6 months (i.e. Month 14, Month 20, Month 26)	10
Hydrogeological Study Report · Design of the HGS · Methodology and Equipment used · Field geophysical logs, · borehole logs, · Progress and Completion report of field work, · Main Survey Reports, · Problems and constraints, · Main Findings, · Conclusions and recommendations, · Other issues agreed with the MRRD/Norad and detailed further in Inception Report.	As agreed with PCU and detailed in the Inception Report	10
MIS Report – including MIS Manuals · Introduction to the MIS · Structure of the MIS · Data Entry · Data Outputs · Instruction Manuals	As agreed with PCU and detailed in the Inception Report	10
Work Documents - Training Report: · Working Papers for training, · Training manuals, · Training guidelines, · Assessment of training results, · Recommendations for further training, · Other issues agreed with the MRRD/Norad and detailed further in Inception Report.	As agreed with PCU and detailed in the Inception Report	10
Draft Completion Report (including progress report No 5): · To be prepared according to the MRRD’s and Norad's requirements, containing · Executive Summary · Syntheses of the inception, planning and implementation stages · Description of the project objectives, tasks and outputs; · HGS work, · Preliminary design of up to three water supply schemes, · Capacity building and training programs carried out; · Human and financial resource spent; · Assessment of the effectiveness of the project, · Assessment of the impact of the project, both positive and negative, planned and unforeseen, · Assessment of the sustainability of the project, · Lessons learned, · Conclusions and recommendations.	3 months before completion	20
Final Completion Report: · Similar to the format from the Draft Completion Report after review by MRRD and Norad · Should contain all results and data in the form of separate volumes.	1 month after review comments	20

For those reports marked in blue above, the PCU will forward copies to the Norad/Norwegian Embassy for comments. A minimum time of four (4) weeks will be allowed for comments to be received from Norwegian Embassy/Norad, in line with the requirement of Article VII(1) from the Bilateral Agreement.

During the Inception Stage, a decision will be made if the above deliverables will be translated into Dari language. The Consultant should assume in his proposal that all reports will have to be translated.

10.2 Audit Report

In order to comply with the bilateral agreement, the Consultant will be responsible for arranging an Audit Report to be performed by an independent professional accountant/accountancy firm in public practice. The Consultant should provide the name of the firm to Norad for approval prior to their engagement.

Audit Report:

· To be undertaken by independent audit firm acceptable to Norad.

· To be undertaken in accordance with international auditing standards that must be stipulated in the report.

· The report needs to indicate if the financial statements of the Consultant present fairly in all respects the projects income and expenditure in addition to the cash/bank/financial position in accordance with an acceptable financial reporting framework.

Within 3 months after Project Completion

11. Personnel, Facilities and Services to be Provided by the Client

The MRRD RuWatSip Department will give all the necessary support to enable the project to be planned and implemented at the national and provincial levels. A PCU in MRRD will be established for the purpose of the Project. The PCU will be headed by a Project Coordinator from the MRRD who will be the main link with the Consultant.

The PCU will be effectively part-time staffed with relevant personnel in order to be operational and efficient. MRRD will pay for the salaries of these staff members, but the project will cover possible direct costs connected to the implementation of the Project (i.e. travel costs, subsistence, etc.). Such costs must be agreed between the PCU Project Coordinator and the Consultant’s Team Leader, according to guidelines that will be established during the Inception Stage.

The MRRD will assist the Consultant to liaise with the various ministries and other stakeholders that may be involved with the Project in e.g. gathering data and other necessary information, and facilitate the implementation of the project at large. Furthermore MRRD will assist in obtaining all necessary permits, licenses etc required by the Consultant for undertaking his working duties.

MRRD will provide office space for the consultants in Kabul within the main compound. This will be very important and useful in terms of accessibility and communication. This will not include the stationary and office equipments but the offices are equipped with electricity and internet facilities.

When working in Faryab Province, the Consultant is expected to operate through the DACAAR offices in Maymaneh.

The MRRD PCU will be responsible for providing the counterpart staff to be trained under the project. MRRD will provide a list of staff names for the training program to the Consultant during the Inception Stage. This list may also include persons from other ministries and provinces.

12. Security

By the time of preparing this TOR, movement of international staff in the field in Faryab Province is restricted. As the security situation is changing quite quickly, there has to be a close monitoring of the situation and, when required, adjustment of the work plan accordingly. This especially applies to the Implementation Stage that will be operational for 28 months.

MRRD (RuWatSip) is now present in all the districts of Faryab. Efforts will be made to facilitate the project process through the CDCs, DDAs and village elders with the support of the Governor if the situation requires.

ANNEX 1

PROJECT FRAMEWORK

Design Summary	Performance Targets	Monitoring Mechanisms	Assumptions & Risks
1. Development Goals
· (long term) Improve rural communities’ health and increase productivity in Faryab province through provision of safe and sustainable water supply and sanitation services · (short term) Strengthen and enhance the capacity of different stakeholders to scale up provision of water supply	· Target communities have access to safe and sustainable water services. · Secure the lives of children and women fetching water. · Reduce mortality rates from water born diseases.	· Ru-WatSIP /MRRD statistics & reports from the province · Reports of multilateral & bilateral agencies	· Access to safe drinking water and sanitation is a basic human right · Every rural household is entitled to basic water and sanitation facilities. · Community ownership and management of facilities is essential for sustainability of services provided. · MRRD aims to define the key policies and strategies at the framework and revise it in the regular intervals, say every third year, to take into account new and valued practices and experiences. · Hygiene, sanitation & water interventions improve public health.
2. General/Specific Objectives
· Establish an improved basis for continued development of water points in Faryab · Enhance implementation capacity of MRRD and PRRD. · Encourage stakeholders to continue water and sanitation development efforts. · Develop an effective coordination mechanism at national and provincial level · Find out better and sustainable solution for water supply source taking into account the information obtained from the HGS. · Improve MRRD and PRRD technical team capacity in conducting water quality testing, drilling technologies, MIS, etc. · Improved knowledge on groundwater in Faryab, to enable better strategy. · Enable MRRD and PRRD technical teams to plan and conduct HGS in consultation with MoM, · Enable MRRD and PRRD to improve their technical knowledge and expertise in water supply designs, survey, MIS, GIS, water quality, water treatment and ethical project management, · Enable MRRD and PRRD to solve problems of saline water in Faryab. · Enable MRRD and PRRD to make better plans for increasing the access to safe drinking water in Faryab.	· Trained staff at central and provincial level, to undertake HGS · Practices and lessons learned put into practice in the other regions, where water level is deep or saline. · Rural communities will have access to enough safe, potable water. · PRRD in Faryab province, NGOs and private sector will be competent & able to operate & maintain sustainable systems. · Conducting HGS · Conduct ICCB. · Operational and improved MIS · Expand coverage in water and sanitation in Faryab province.	· Regular program progress reports · HGS reports in Faryab Province · ICCB reports · Annual Meeting between MRRD and Norad · Regular monitoring and progress reports. · RuWatSip /MRRD statistics & reports from the province · Reports of multilateral & bilateral agencies · Theory and on the job training · Operational MIS · Drilling results of test bore wells · Review the capacity and provide refresher trainings	· Continued presence of MRRD as responsible for rural area. · Continued presence of RuWatSip as leading agency at the national and provincial levels. · Continued integrated approach of MRRD. · Continued operation of DACAAR in Afghanistan. · Security situation will not deteriorate in Faryab province. · Training on Hydrogeology and ICCB will be the entry point for resolving and treatment of saline water.
3. Outputs
· Strengthened capacity of MRRD and PRRD · MRRD and PRRD have clearer knowledge of ground water and surface water in Faryab	· The PMU in RuWatSip department of MRRD will be established, · PMU will be responsible for over all program management, coordination and reporting. · MRRD and PRRD will establish a group of technical teams, to design and carry out the HGS in Faryab Province. · Theory and on the job training for the staff.	· RuWatSip Guidelines/policies and Strategies · Regular program progress reports · HGS report in Faryab Province · Annual Meeting between MRRD and Norad · Regulator monitoring · RuWatSip/MRRD statistics & reports from the province · Reports of multilateral & bilateral agencies · Program progress reporting	· RuWatSip implementation guidelines are effective.
· Design and Carry out the HGS in Faryab province.	· Number of districts and villages selected for HGS investigation. · Number of tested wells constructed in the different districts , · Number of projects implemented in the different districts · number of communities surveyed and interviewed · Practical use of survey equipment. · Area maps showing groundwater quality and availability will be produced. · MRRD and PRRD staff will be trained in Hydrogeology.	· PMU establishment and provision of project and staff progress reports · Community surveys and interviews · Project completion reports · HGS report in Faryab Province · Program mid term- evaluation · Annual Meeting between MRRD and Norad · RuWatSip/MRRD statistics & reports · Reports of multilateral & bilateral agencies · District administration records · Projects completion reports	· Timely recruitment of competent consultants. · All required districts area will be accessible. · MRRD, MEW, MoM will take active part in program implementations · DACAAR will remain active in the water sector in Afghanistan and in particular within Faryab. · Drilling rig is provided/ hired in timely manner by MRRD.
· Project Implementation Assistance & capacity building	· PMU made of qualified staff, trained & operating. with the adequate resources, clear roles & responsibilities, from the commencement · Capacity building program/training completed for HGS.	· PMU establishment and project and staff progress reports · Annual Meeting between MRRD and Norad · Community surveys & interviews · District administration records · Project completion reports	· Timely recruitment of competent consultants. · Provincial & district agencies will appoint suitably qualified & experienced staff · MRRD staff have capacity to absorb capacity building activities
· Water supply system development in Faryab.	· Proper and effective investment · Actual program for drinking water requirements. · Design of up to three small water supply schemes	· PMU establishment and project and staff progress reports · Community surveys & interviews · Project completion reports · HGS report in Faryab Province · Annual Meeting between MRRD and Norad · Regulator monitoring · RuWatSip /MRRD statistics & reports · Reports of multilateral & bilateral agencies · Program progress reporting	· Timely recruitment of competent consultants. · Adequate time & resources to investigate raw water source yield & quality · PMU have commitment, capacity to implement the Project · Subproject selection based on agreed criteria · O&M costs should be minimized by adoption of appropriate technology, & service levels · Fund will be made available for construction of required water points for potable purposes.
· Building of an institutional cooperation between Norway and RuWatSip department of MRRD, for enhancing the capacity MRRD MEW, MOM employees in the field of HGS and other relevant fields.	· The number of staff received training in usage of different Hydro geological instruments · Number of staff received training in water Quality, equipments and surface water treatment. · Number of staff received training in MIS	· PMU establishment and project and staff progress reports · Community surveyed & interviewed practically · Project completion reports · Hydrogeological studies and survey reports in Faryab Province · Annual Meeting between MRRD and Norad · Regulator monitoring · MIS reports · RuWatSan /MRRD statistics & reports · Reports of multilateral & bilateral agencies · Program progress reporting BME reporting · District administration records · Projects completion reports	· Timely recruitment of competent consultants. · For program implementation in Faryab province Norad financially support RuWatSan department of MRRD to carry out the HGS. · Good coordination & cooperation achieved between PCU staff from various provincial & district agencies · Community involvement maximized in the process. · Community action teams in PIU perform well & fully integrate community activities with other subproject components

Design Summary

Performance Targets

Monitoring Mechanisms

Assumptions & Risks

1. Development Goals

· (long term) Improve rural communities’ health and increase productivity in Faryab province through provision of safe and sustainable water supply and sanitation services

· (short term) Strengthen and enhance the capacity of different stakeholders to scale up provision of water supply

· Target communities have access to safe and sustainable water services.

· Secure the lives of children and women fetching water.

· Reduce mortality rates from water born diseases.

· Ru-WatSIP /MRRD statistics & reports from the province

· Reports of multilateral & bilateral agencies

· Access to safe drinking water and sanitation is a basic human right

· Every rural household is entitled to basic water and sanitation facilities.

· Community ownership and management of facilities is essential for sustainability of services provided.

· MRRD aims to define the key policies and strategies at the framework and revise it in the regular intervals, say every third year, to take into account new and valued practices and experiences.

· Hygiene, sanitation & water interventions improve public health.

2. General/Specific Objectives

· Establish an improved basis for continued development of water points in Faryab

· Enhance implementation capacity of MRRD and PRRD.

· Encourage stakeholders to continue water and sanitation development efforts.

· Develop an effective coordination mechanism at national and provincial level

· Find out better and sustainable solution for water supply source taking into account the information obtained from the HGS.

· Improve MRRD and PRRD technical team capacity in conducting water quality testing, drilling technologies, MIS, etc.

· Improved knowledge on groundwater in Faryab, to enable better strategy.

· Enable MRRD and PRRD technical teams to plan and conduct HGS in consultation with MoM,

· Enable MRRD and PRRD to improve their technical knowledge and expertise in water supply designs, survey, MIS, GIS, water quality, water treatment and ethical project management,

· Enable MRRD and PRRD to solve problems of saline water in Faryab.

· Enable MRRD and PRRD to make better plans for increasing the access to safe drinking water in Faryab.

· Trained staff at central and provincial level, to undertake HGS

· Practices and lessons learned put into practice in the other regions, where water level is deep or saline.

· Rural communities will have access to enough safe, potable water.

· PRRD in Faryab province, NGOs and private sector will be competent & able to operate & maintain sustainable systems.

· Conducting HGS

· Conduct ICCB.

· Operational and improved MIS

· Expand coverage in water and sanitation in Faryab province.

· Regular program progress reports

· HGS reports in Faryab Province

· ICCB reports

· Annual Meeting between MRRD and Norad

· Regular monitoring and progress reports.

· RuWatSip /MRRD statistics & reports from the province

· Reports of multilateral & bilateral agencies

· Theory and on the job training

· Operational MIS

· Drilling results of test bore wells

· Review the capacity and provide refresher trainings

· Continued presence of MRRD as responsible for rural area.

· Continued presence of RuWatSip as leading agency at the national and provincial levels.

· Continued integrated approach of MRRD.

· Continued operation of DACAAR in Afghanistan.

· Security situation will not deteriorate in Faryab province.

· Training on Hydrogeology and ICCB will be the entry point for resolving and treatment of saline water.

3. Outputs

· Strengthened capacity of MRRD and PRRD

· MRRD and PRRD have clearer knowledge of ground water and surface water in Faryab

· The PMU in RuWatSip department of MRRD will be established,

· PMU will be responsible for over all program management, coordination and reporting.

· MRRD and PRRD will establish a group of technical teams, to design and carry out the HGS in Faryab Province.

· Theory and on the job training for the staff.

· RuWatSip Guidelines/policies and Strategies

· Regular program progress reports

· HGS report in Faryab Province

· Annual Meeting between MRRD and Norad

· Regulator monitoring

· RuWatSip/MRRD statistics & reports from the province

· Reports of multilateral & bilateral agencies

· Program progress reporting

· RuWatSip implementation guidelines are effective.

· Design and Carry out the HGS in Faryab province.

· Number of districts and villages selected for HGS investigation.

· Number of tested wells constructed in the different districts ,

· Number of projects implemented in the different districts

· number of communities surveyed and interviewed

· Practical use of survey equipment.

· Area maps showing groundwater quality and availability will be produced.

· MRRD and PRRD staff will be trained in Hydrogeology.

· PMU establishment and provision of project and staff progress reports

· Community surveys and interviews

· Project completion reports

· HGS report in Faryab Province

· Program mid term- evaluation

· Annual Meeting between MRRD and Norad

· RuWatSip/MRRD statistics & reports

· Reports of multilateral & bilateral agencies

· District administration records

· Projects completion reports

· Timely recruitment of competent consultants.

· All required districts area will be accessible.

· MRRD, MEW, MoM will take active part in program implementations

· DACAAR will remain active in the water sector in Afghanistan and in particular within Faryab.

· Drilling rig is provided/ hired in timely manner by MRRD.

· Project Implementation Assistance & capacity building

· PMU made of qualified staff, trained & operating. with the adequate resources, clear roles & responsibilities, from the commencement

· Capacity building program/training completed for HGS.

· PMU establishment and project and staff progress reports

· Annual Meeting between MRRD and Norad

· Community surveys & interviews

· District administration records

· Project completion reports

· Timely recruitment of competent consultants.

· Provincial & district agencies will appoint suitably qualified & experienced staff

· MRRD staff have capacity to absorb capacity building activities

· Water supply system development in Faryab.

· Proper and effective investment

· Actual program for drinking water requirements.

· Design of up to three small water supply schemes

· PMU establishment and project and staff progress reports

· Community surveys & interviews

· Project completion reports

· HGS report in Faryab Province

· Annual Meeting between MRRD and Norad

· Regulator monitoring

· RuWatSip /MRRD statistics & reports

· Reports of multilateral & bilateral agencies

· Program progress reporting

· Timely recruitment of competent consultants.

· Adequate time & resources to investigate raw water source yield & quality

· PMU have commitment, capacity to implement the Project

· Subproject selection based on agreed criteria

· O&M costs should be minimized by adoption of appropriate technology, & service levels

· Fund will be made available for construction of required water points for potable purposes.

· Building of an institutional cooperation between Norway and RuWatSip department of MRRD, for enhancing the capacity MRRD MEW, MOM employees in the field of HGS and other relevant fields.

· The number of staff received training in usage of different Hydro geological instruments

· Number of staff received training in water Quality, equipments and surface water treatment.

· Number of staff received training in MIS

· PMU establishment and project and staff progress reports

· Community surveyed & interviewed practically

· Project completion reports

· Hydrogeological studies and survey reports in Faryab Province

· Annual Meeting between MRRD and Norad

· Regulator monitoring

· MIS reports

· RuWatSan /MRRD statistics & reports

· Reports of multilateral & bilateral agencies

· Program progress reporting BME reporting

· District administration records

· Projects completion reports

· Timely recruitment of competent consultants.

· For program implementation in Faryab province Norad financially support RuWatSan department of MRRD to carry out the HGS.

· Good coordination & cooperation achieved between PCU staff from various provincial & district agencies

· Community involvement maximized in the process.

· Community action teams in PIU perform well & fully integrate community activities with other subproject components

ANNEX 2A

Water Related Programs Supported by Norway in Faryab

Norway supports water related projects principally through the NGOs, Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) and Danish committee for Aid to Afghan Refugees (DACAAR).

NCA Activities

In 2007 NCA signed a contract with the Norwegian Embassy for the “Integrated Rural Development Program Phase II in Faryab”.

The program involved provision of a limited number of water points and latrines subcontracted by NCA to other local partner organisation. In addition the program includes for the cost of installation of a 30kW hydropower station and six desalination plants manufactured in India and shipped into Faryab. Training in the operation and maintenance of these desalination plants has also been undertaken in India.

DACAAR Activities

DACAAR signed a contract with the Norwegian Embassy in 2007 regarding the “Enhanced Safe Water Supply in Faryab Province” . This project included for water point surveys, stand posts, provision of safe water to households, provision of latrines, capacity building at all levels of society in the province, training of mechanics and provision of spare parts.:

According to the final report (July 2010), for the entire project period from March 2007 to March 2010, DACAAR have provided safe drinking water to communities via 1,235 water points, including 709 tube wells (boreholes), 50 dug wells that have been deepened, 471 stand posts and five rainwater harvesting Kandahs (Reservoirs) in eight districts. In addition and for sustainable functioning of the constructed water points, 23 mechanics/ valve men, introduced by the communities, were trained. Furthermore operation and maintenance (O&M) teams renovated 977 water points in Faryab province during the project period. DACAAR also constructed a total of 3,815 latrines, delivered hygiene messages to 38,480 families, delivered hygiene messages to 2,222 students in schools, and provided 4,955 families with hygiene kits. DACAAR have also undertaken:

· Monitoring 13 wells for automatic ground water level, and salinity measurement over time.

· Performed chemical and physical analyses of 210 water samples from different water points (Tube wells, Dug wells and spring) to find water quality potential of Faryab province.

· Recorded 210 physical and chemical analyses of water samples from different water points (Spring, River, Stream, Dug wells and Tube wells) in the AquaChem (integrated water quality data management database) for water quality data analysis evaluation and mapping of Faryab province’s water quality potential which is very important for water supply and irrigation (2007-2009). The AcuaChem (flexible and customisable database structures) was used for integrated water quality data (physical and chemical parameters) recording, management, analysis, interpretation and mapping.

· Recorded analyses and managed 720 wells log design data in the Hydrogeo analyst database for evaluation, management and mapping of Faryab province water quantity potential which is very important for water supply and irrigation (2007-2009).

· Established five River measurement stations based on Shrin Tagab and Maimana rivers (Shrin Tagab water shed) on the community basis. The rivers’ water was measured four times a month, and the data were recorded in the Excel sheet for surface water quality and quantity management and evaluation (2007-2009).

· Prepared a presentation on Faryab province Groundwater capacity, water quality and lithology according to the Faryab province water quality and quantity data analyses and evaluation, and presented to the Faryab province GOs and NGOs staff (2008).

· Carried out investigation on the Reverse Osmoses Desalination Plants (RODP) which are installed by Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) in the Qurghan and Qaramqol districts of Faryab province for applicability of this plant for removing salinity of water where the areas have salinity problem (2008).

· Undertook a detailed investigative groundwater study report for Astana and Jalair

· DACAAR have also undertaken canal lining, canal erosion protection, aqueduct building and pipe culvert construction that has benefited 12,000 people.

· Norway contributes to several programs under the heading “rural development”, which includes: rebuilding the agriculture system; creating alternative livelihood income possibilities; literacy training; vocational training; water and sanitation, energy supply and gender projects. The Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) receives funds from the Norwegian Government for an integrated rural development program consisting of several projects.

· The above-mentioned NSP and NABDP programs implement projects to meet rural development needs.

· The Norwegian Embassy, in cooperation with the civilian part of the PRT in Maymaneh, has initiated a program of drinking water, irrigation and sanitation in Faryab Province, and has instigated other future programs in the province.

ANNEX 2B

Water Related Programs Supported by Others in Faryab [14]

A number of water-related activities have occurred, are under implementation or are planned in Faryab Province. These fall under the following headings:

· Water Resources Management

· Water Supply and Sanitation

1. Water Resources Management

MEW has initiated discussions with US AID to prepare river basin master plans for the five major basins (there are 5 major river basins and a total of 40 sub-basins in Afghanistan) and the sub-basins. US AID has in principle agreed to fund the studies, however, no formal agreement has been made and it is very likely that this will be long-term effort.

MEW has prepared TOR for a feasibility study for the Upper Amur River Diversion project. This project will divert water from the Amur Darya River and the end of the diversion canal will be in Faryab. This is a (long) long-term project, i.e. 10 – 20 years and beyond.

The status of other projects undertaken by MEW in Faryab is as follows:

· Feasibility studies for Khishtpul (Pashtun Kot district) and Ghura (Qaysar district) are on-going.

· Pre-feasibility studies for Toymast in Qaysar and Bandi Dara (Almar district) has been prepared by MEW funds. Toymast is ranked as the best option.

· Further work is planned at the Sar Hawz dam in Pashtun Kot (phase 4 and 5). Most likely US AID-funded.

US Geological Survey (USGS) has provided support to DACAAR to establish 3 ground water monitoring stations in the province. Through the World Bank-funded “Emergency Irrigation Rehabilitation Project” (EIRP) five river monitoring stations have also been established. DACAAR has through the Norwegian project established 3 ground water monitoring wells.

Through the World Bank-funded “Emergency Irrigation Rehabilitation Project” three irrigation projects had been completed, eleven were in progress and four were planned (as of 2007). These projects are implemented through a PCU in Masar. FAO provides technical support.

MEW has also increasingly started focusing on capacity building. An ADB-funded program has provided financial resources for capacity building but Faryab was not included.

2. Water Supply and Sanitation

This component is split between Rural and Urban water supply and sanitation

Rural Water Supply and Sanitation

A UNDP-supported Drought Relief Project provided 110 water points in Faryab; divided as follows; 40 water points in Maymaneh and 70 water points in Pashtun Kot,

UNICEF supported two deep wells drilled in Pashtun Kot and Maymaneh as part of an emergency project.

Work through the NSP has continued as planned and DACAAR and NCA have both made good progress in implementing the Norwegian supported projects.

Urban Water Supply and Sanitation

Town of Maymaneh

A feasibility study was prepared for the town of Maymaneh in 2005, arriving at a total budget of $5.8 million, to be financed through the ARTF. Three deep wells were drilled along the river just outside town.

Through the World Bank-funded ‘Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project’ (UWSS) CAWSS has received $2 million for the improvement of the water supply situation in Maymaneh. Peri-urban areas are not covered.

These current project do not include investments in the sanitation sector. The feasibility study covers sanitation to a certain extent; however, there is a need for further studies to determine the investment needs within the areas of household sanitation, drainage, waste water and solid waste disposal.

It is the intention of CAWSS to establish a new water utility with responsibility for operation and maintenance of the rehabilitated scheme.

There are however inconsistencies and unclear issues, both in the feasibility study itself and in the communication between CAWSS and the province.

Town of Andkhoy

The construction of a 95-km pipeline (pumping main) from Amur Darya River to Andkhoy has commenced with a total budget is $10.5 million financed by Government of Afghanistan. Water will be pumped from a well field next to the river to a main storage tank and then distributed to Andkhoy and three other districts. However, the current project comprises only intake arrangements, pumping main and storage. The work is being undertaken by an Afghan/Iranian contractor and the construction has commenced.

According to CAWSS no utility has been established to operate and maintain the pipeline, nor are funds available to develop a distribution network from the main storage tank to ensure that the town of Andkhoy and the neighboring districts will benefit from the pipeline.

ANNEX 3

Organisation of RuWatSip

Organogram removed to reduce file size…

AFG	Afghanistan
ARTF	Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund
AUWSSC	Afghan Urban Water Supply & Sewerage Corporation
CAD	Computer Aided Design
CAWSS	Central Agency for Water Supply and Sewerage
CDC	Community Development Committee
CLTC	Community Led Total Sanitation
DACAAR	Danish Committee for Aid to Afghan Refugees
DDA	District Development Assemblies
DPSI	Direct Project Implementation Section
e.g.	For example
GIS	Geographical Information System
GIZ	German International Development Cooperation
GPS	Global Positioning System
ha	Hectare
HGS	Hydrogeological Study
ICCB	Institutional Cooperation and Capacity Building
IP	Induced Polarisation
ISAF	International Security Assistance Force
Km²	Square kilometres
MAIL	Ministry of Agriculture Irrigation and Livestock
MFA	Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Norway
MIS	Management Information System
MoMI	Ministry of Mine and Industry
MoWE	Ministry of Water and Energy
MoPH	Ministry of Public Health
MRRD	Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development
MUDH	Ministry of Urban Development and Housing
NABDP	National Areas Based Development Program
NCA	Norwegian Church Aid
NGO	Non Governmental Organisation
NOK	Norwegian Kroner
Norad	Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation
NRAP	National Rural Access Program
NSP	National Solidarity Program
O&M	Operation and Maintenance
PCU	Project Coordination Unit
PRRD	Provincial Rural Rehabilitation and Development
PRT	Provincial Reconstruction Team
RFP	Request for Proposal
RuWatSip	Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Irrigation Department in the MRRD
TMU	Technical Monitoring Unit
TNA	Training Needs Assessment
TOR	Terms of Reference
UN	United Nations
UNICEF	United Nations International Children Emergency Fund
U.S.	United States
WASH	Water and Sanitation and Health
WSG	Water and Sanitation Sectoral Group
WSIP	Urban Water Supply Improvement Program
%	Percentage